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Influenza B was detected in 34.1% with influenza A/H1N1 and A/H3N2 detected in 47.2% and 52.8% of subtyped influenza A specimens. Results A total of 1268 children were hospitalized with influenza: 31.5% were <2 years old, 8.3% were indigenous, and 45.1% had comorbid conditions predisposing to severe influenza. VE estimates were calculated using the test-negative design. Controls were hospitalized with acute respiratory illness and tested negative for influenza. Case patients were children aged ≤16 years admitted to 11 hospitals with an acute respiratory illness and laboratory-confirmed influenza. Methods Subjects were prospectively recruited (April-October 2017). Two surveillance programs combined to summarize the epidemiology of hospitalized influenza in children and report on vaccine effectiveness (VE) in the context of a limited nationally funded vaccination program. Additional efforts to promote vaccination and monitor effectiveness are required.Ībstract = "Background In 2017, Australia experienced record influenza notifications. Multiple Australian states have introduced funded preschool vaccination programs in 2018. Influenza vaccine was protective in 2017, yet VE was lower than previous seasons. Vaccine coverage and antiviral use was inadequate. Most hospitalized children had no comorbid conditions. Conclusions Significant influenza-associated morbidity was observed in 2017 in Australia.
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The VE of inactivated quadrivalent influenza vaccine for preventing hospitalized influenza was estimated at 30.3% (95% confidence interval, 2.6%-50.2%). Only 17.1% of test-negative-controls were vaccinated. Four in-hospital deaths occurred (0.3%): one was considered influenza associated. The median length of stay was 3 days (interquartile range, 1-5), 14.5% were admitted to the intensive care unit, and 15.9% received oseltamivir. Background In 2017, Australia experienced record influenza notifications.